Firefighter schedules are more than just numbers on a calendar — they influence the health, safety, and recovery of our crews. Across the country, departments are researching and debating the merits of 24/48 versus 48/96, and even 24/72 shift structures. Considering the operational demands and the toll they take on firefighters in the form of fatigue, sleep disruption, and family impact is no simple task.
To help navigate the data and research that exists, I’ve compiled a resource that blends peer‑reviewed research, government reports, and practitioner perspectives. This document examines the science behind firefighter fatigue, the management effects of extended shifts, and the lived experiences of firefighters.
Key highlights include:
- NIOSH research on sleep disruption and circadian rhythm impacts.
- Billings & Jahnke’s peer‑reviewed study on health outcomes under 48/96 schedules.
- A USFA Applied Research Project analyzing management effects in Minneapolis.
- Project Mayday data documenting real‑world incident outcomes.
- Practitioner insights on morale and retention under different schedules.
The goal is simple: to provide clear and credible information that helps firefighters and department administration make informed decisions about shift structures. Whether you’re evaluating policy, training, or community impact, this document is designed to support thoughtful, evidence‑based leadership.
👉 You can download the full document here: Firefighter Shift Schedule Analysis – December 2025